MEXICO CITY.- Fossils may be millions of years old, but the questions surrounding their protection are very much of the present.

At the recently concluded 37th International Anthropology and History Book Fair (FILAH) in Mexico City, paleontologists and researchers used a public discussion and a new exhibition to look at how Mexico has advanced in safeguarding its fossil heritage — and at the work that still remains to be done.

Held at the National Museum of Anthropology, the discussion brought together specialists from the National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH) and the National Autonomous University of Mexico to consider the scientific, legal and social challenges facing paleontology in the country.

Among the participants were Eduardo Corona Martínez, president of INAH’s Paleontology Council; Felisa Aguilar Arellano, academic coordinator of the Quinametzin Paleontological Research Center; and Elena Centeno García of UNAM’s Institute of Geology.

Their conversation returned repeatedly to a basic point: fossils are not simply attractive objects from the distant past. They are records of life itself, capable of revealing how organisms lived, where they were distributed and how ecosystems changed over immense periods of time.

Centeno García compared rocks to books containing the history of the world. Fossils, she stressed, include far more than preserved bones or shells. Traces left behind in rock can offer evidence about an organism’s behavior, diet and environment, making even seemingly modest remains important sources of scientific information.

That scientific value is also why specialists are concerned about fossils being treated as commodities or decorative objects.





Aguilar Arellano pointed to the sale of fossils as one of the persistent problems facing preservation efforts. Once removed from their context and circulated simply as collectibles, important information can be lost, along with the possibility of studying the material properly.

The discussion also looked back at a turning point in Mexican law. In 1986, reforms to the Federal Law on Archaeological, Artistic and Historic Monuments and Zones extended legal protections to fossil remains with paleontological value.

Corona Martínez described that change as an important step, though not a simple solution.

The reform, he noted, opened new debates and questions about how paleontological heritage should be documented, studied and protected. In 1994, INAH responded by establishing the Paleontology Council, or Conpal, an academic and advisory body that has since helped coordinate national efforts.

Among those efforts is the continuing registration of fossils found across Mexico and the formal inscription of scientific collections in the Unified Registration System, which gives them legal protection. Specialists have also worked to establish better standards for fieldwork and research.

But the speakers made clear that laws and registries alone cannot protect the country’s fossil heritage.

Public awareness remains essential. The panel called for greater cooperation among institutions, stronger educational efforts and closer communication with civil society so that fossil heritage is understood not as something remote or exclusively academic, but as part of a shared history.

That history was also at the center of 40 Years Chipping Away, an exhibition inaugurated during FILAH at the Dr. Eusebio Dávalos Hurtado National Library of Anthropology and History.

The exhibition charts the development of paleontology within INAH, looking at four decades of institutional work as well as the challenges that remain unresolved.

Through 17 information panels and a selection of fossil replicas, the display offers visitors an overview of the infrastructure that has gradually been built to support paleontological research in Mexico. It also highlights the importance of recording discoveries, protecting scientific collections and developing a broader culture of preservation.

The exhibition opening was attended by INAH Technical Secretary José Luis Perea González, along with national coordinators Beatriz Quintanar Hinojosa and Juan Manuel Garibay López and Cipaq archaeologist Leonardo Hegel Mercado Millán.

The paleontology program formed part of the 37th FILAH, which concluded on August 23 after offering some 350 free academic and cultural activities.

For the specialists gathered there, however, one message extended well beyond the fair: every fossil carries information that can disappear when it is removed, sold or destroyed without documentation. Protecting that evidence means preserving not only objects, but pieces of the story of life on Earth.