NEW YORK, NY.- In the 1910s alone, composer, pianist and bandleader James Reese Europe seemed to do enough living for multiple lifetimes.
He started that decade at the Clef Club in Harlem, an organization that fielded its own group and worked to improve labor conditions for Black musicians throughout New York City. Not long after, Europe brought his 125-member Clef Club Orchestra and the syncopated styles of Black American composers to Carnegie Hall. In 1914, Europe provided new music for star dancing couple Vernon and Irene Castle while also taking his group into the studio to record for the Victor Recording Company.
During World War I, he was Lieutenant Europe: Along with other members of the all-Black 369th Infantry, he pushed to be allowed to fight while also leading a regimental band known as the Harlem Hellfighters that amazed audiences abroad. After a triumphant return to New York, in early 1919, his war-drilled ensemble recorded material for the Pathe label, including a vivacious take on Carl Bethel and Sandy Coffins That Moaning Trombone. Later that year, one of Europes band members stabbed him with a knife during an intermission. (He thought Europe had disrespected him.) The bandleader died later that night.
All this took place long before Louis Armstrongs first recordings with King Oliver, which helped to codify and claim the jazz age for the Roaring 20s. But a new, Europe-focused recording by pianist and composer Jason Moran titled From the Dancehall to the Battlefield rewinds jazzs history a bit and brings Europes sound into a relationship with successive waves of jazz and contemporary music.
They talk about Jazz is dead, like its not everywhere or theres something wrong with it, Moran said in a recent interview. But if youre listening, the music is everywhere.
Moran cited a riff synthetically rendered yet clearly big band-derived that powers the Harry Styles song Music for a Sushi Restaurant. That swing is still associated as the rhythm of this country, Moran added. And for him, that tradition is greatly indebted to James Reese Europes bands in the 1910s.
Its hitting the stage, and hitting the mass of our people in New York City. But its also tied up in the vaudeville era, you know and blackface. Its emerging right at that time, and its scary, Moran said. So, I think hes having that push-pull with it. And I think he reaches the other side of the conversation by claiming: This is a Black music that we have to cherish. And we should be looking at our own kind of ensembles to manage that.
On the new recording, Morans band channels some of that original Europe energy, and deploys herculean efforts during Morans own arrangement of That Moaning Trombone. That track in its hard-charging refinement, and finely judged inflections of tempo and dynamics proves a worthy modern testament to Europes handling of large ensembles.
What isnt mentioned enough about Europes band is: They are incredible technicians, Moran said. When I show this music to people and say, Can we get it like they do on the record?, inevitably they are like, No, we cant. (Moran allows that his take on Trombone is his attempt to reach that summit: Kudos to the horns for really working together on that.)
Elsewhere, Moran deviates strategically from recorded history. During Europes Ballin the Jack, Moran fuses the song with motifs from post-bop pianist Geri Allens Feed the Fire, before executing an elegant pivot back to Jack.
That mashup format reflects Europes own taste in medleys, as well as the real-time remixing that Moran has long executed with his trio, the Bandwagon. (Thank god for the Bronx, and figuring out that two turntables can work this way, he said, when asked whether Ballin the Jack / Feed the Fire was indebted to turntablism.)
Elsewhere, Moran embellishes the up-tempo tune Castle House Rag, filling it with nervy rhythmic repetitions and pianistic lines that are, by turns, soulful and avant-garde in nature (and sometimes both at once). Its very Threadgill, the way it opens up, he said, referring to Pulitzer Prize-winning composer and performer Henry Threadgill, who is also a Europe aficionado. (Tuba player Jose Davila, a regular in Threadgills bands, lends a sense of drive to Morans new album.)
Other modern sounds show up for cameos on the recording: The breathing meditation Zenas Circle comes from composer and conceptualist Pauline Oliveros. Moran once invited her to lead a Deep Listening session during his first season of programming at the Park Avenue Armory. Selfishly, I wanted to give it to the Bandwagon, he said. But I also wanted people to experience it.
Zenas Circle leads directly into For James a collaged, multitake document of a Moran original. It is initially interpreted by his own group, as well as a German crowd singing it back to the players. Then, in the final moments, Morans tribute is heard in a majestic, impromptu take as it was performed by members of Stephany Neals The 369th Experience. (That organization encourages bands at historically Black colleges and universities, or HBCUs, to gather and study Europes music.)
They not only scaled it up, Moran said, but they made it better.
If the range of references on this album seems vast, thats also a testament to Europes capaciousness, and his influence on Moran. Since departing from the Blue Note label to produce his own recordings on the Bandcamp platform, Moran has become a master of the unexpected feint. The sounds of From the Dancehall to the Battlefield consistently surprise and delight; backward-masked percussion on a performance of St. Louis Blues might send you reeling back in more ways than one. The studio effect suggesting time travel heard prominently in the cymbals feels like something out of a 1970s Funkadelic stew; the W.C. Handy tune is, itself, of even deeper vintage. (Connecting all this is playing that feels utterly contemporary.)
But Moran is being more than simply clever; he is an artist with an eye for connections among the past, present and future. On All of No Mans Land Is Ours, Moran bends the end of one motif so that it ends in a less-celebratory fashion than it does on Europes recording. (Morans version sounds like a phrase out of Thelonious Monk.)
I imagine that when they talk about No Mans Land, its with mystery, Moran said, thinking about Europe and his players. What do enslaved people think about what no mans land means? I want to go forward and backward on the idea. Where do we feel our boundaries are?
This article originally appeared in
The New York Times.