SCRANTON, PA.- The first burglary was in 1999 at Keystone College in Factoryville, Pennsylvania. One in the gang, authorities said, sneaked onto the campus, smashed some glass display cases and walked off with memorabilia, including a baseball jersey once worn by Christy Mathewson, a legendary pitcher.

The Everhart Museum in Scranton was next, six years later. An Andy Warhol silk-screen print and a painting attributed to Jackson Pollock were taken. Then the pace picked up.

The Space Farms: Zoo & Museum. The Lackawanna Historical Society. Ringwood Manor. The Sterling Hill Mining Museum. The United States Golf Association Museum and Library.

The list goes on.

Over the course of almost two decades, the crew showed up at 12 small, low-profile museums that often lacked elaborate security systems, stripping them of cherished items, including treasured heirlooms from America’s sporting past, authorities say.

Just a partial list includes the 1903 Belmont Stakes trophy, taken from the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame. From the International Boxing Hall of Fame, middleweight Tony Zale’s 1941 and 1948 championship belts. From the Yogi Berra Museum & Learning Center, seven of Berra’s championship rings, his 1954 and 1955 MVP plaques, and nine of his 10 World Series rings.

The only Berra World Series ring not stolen was the one he wore on his finger.

“These kinds of artifacts tell people the story of who we are, and they connect us to the past in a way that really nothing else can,” said Eve Schaenen, executive director of the Berra museum. “And now they’re gone.”

In the fall, four men charged with taking some part in the burglaries are scheduled to go on trial in Pennsylvania, where they live. Another five people have pleaded guilty. All nine, authorities say, avoided arrest for some portion of 19 years as museum directors across five states woke up to find smashed glass and things missing.

With so many heists going unsolved for so many years, one might imagine the thieves as some sort of a world-savvy, blueprint-studying, technoliterate crew so often seen in movies. But in court records and interviews, they come across as more 7-Eleven than Ocean’s Eleven.

Prepared? Yes. Sophisticated? No.

Sometimes they just hit houses. One favorite burglary tool was an ax, according to court records. They drove cross-country to rob the Roger Maris Museum in North Dakota, rather than take a plane.

“These guys were not world-class criminals,” said Michael Wisneski, an official with the Everhart museum who described the thieves as schlubby. “They were operating out of the North Pocono School District.”

Most upsetting to many people is how little care was shown for the objects that were taken. A Jasper Cropsey painting from 1871 was torched. The crew did not even try to sell some of the high-profile sports memorabilia. Instead, gold and silver items such as Berra’s rings, Maris’ MVP plaque and the Belmont Stakes trophy were melted down and hocked as raw metals, according to court papers.

One of those arrested is accused of using some of the stolen gems to make himself a scepter.

“They could have done a smash and grab at a strip mall jewelry store and come away with more gold,” said Lindsay Berra, the granddaughter of Yogi.

When the accused crew members were finally named in an indictment in June, federal prosecutors laid out the inventory of what had been taken. It included stolen paintings, at least five 19th-century firearms, a Tiffany lamp, and sports memorabilia that included more than 30 golf and horse-racing trophies. Prosecutors valued the lot at $4 million. Most of the objects have not been recovered.

“This was a group of dishonest people that saw easy marks,” said William Kroth, executive director of the Sterling Hill Mining Museum. He called them “lowlife grifters.”

‘A Violation of Trust’

Michael Wisneski of the Everhart Museum remembers the morning in 2005 when he woke up and turned on the local television news. To his surprise, the reporters were in the parking lot of his museum, talking about a break-in.

When he arrived at the building, he found the back door smashed in, the Warhol and Pollock gone.

“It felt like somebody broke into your house,” he said. “It was a violation of trust or of security.”

According to authorities, Thomas Trotta, 48, of Moscow, Pennsylvania, had used a ladder to smash the door of the museum.

Of the nine people later arrested, Trotta was the one relied on to venture into the museums to take things, according to court papers. But he was helped in meaningful ways, authorities say, by Nicholas Dombek, 53, who has known Trotta since they were teenagers. After Trotta was arrested, he accused Dombek of being the ringleader, according to court papers. But Dombek’s lawyer, Ernest Preate Jr., said in an interview that Trotta was the ringleader, and he described his client as a handyman, not a mastermind, who did not even operate a computer.

Trotta’s lawyer, Joseph D’Andrea, declined to comment.

Dombek, who has pleaded not guilty, is from Thornhurst, a rural patch of Pennsylvania, where he lives on a street that carries his family name. His father and his brother were science teachers, but Dombek never graduated from high school, and in a 2019 court hearing, he testified that he was in financial straits and was two months behind on his mortgage.

Still, he was not without ambition, and according to a search warrant affidavit, Trotta told investigators that Dombek had constructed something like a chemistry lab in his garage. Dombek himself spoke during the court hearing of hoping to cure cancer by tinkering with the chemical properties of water.

Dombek’s garage became an informal headquarters where the group planned break-ins, Trotta told investigators according to court papers. It was there that Dombek constructed a collapsible ladder and other tools for Trotta to use at heists, afterward using the space to melt down stolen memorabilia, according to court papers.

Each museum was studied before a break-in to determine access, security measures and what looked good to steal, investigators said in court papers. During one scouting trip, Dombek tested the thickness of a display case at the golf museum in New Jersey by scratching the glass with a coin, the papers said.

Trotta would sometimes wear a disguise, dressing as a firefighter when they stole from the Roger Maris museum, and as a Hasidic Jew when they went to break in to the Harvard Mineralogical & Geological Museum, the indictment said. (The theft was called off because a particular diamond they hoped to steal was no longer on display.)

The other accomplices are accused of playing a variety of roles: sometimes as getaway drivers, sometimes as transporters of stolen materials after the burglary.

At the Berra museum, the thieves cut the glass to gain entry, and they were able to elude security cameras during one of the larger hauls, according to museum staff.

“They knew exactly where to break in,” Schaenen said. “They had a method to it.”

The Harness Racing Museum & Hall of Fame in Goshen, New York, had a motion sensor but no cameras in place when the thieves arrived in 2012. It lost 14 trophies, and afterward, executive director Janet Terhune said she called the staff of the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame in Saratoga Springs, New York, to warn them to increase their security. Both museums upgraded their protection.

It didn’t matter.

The next year, Trotta smashed glass displays in the Saratoga Springs museum with a center-punch tool and grinder and took off with five trophies, according to court records.

Brien Bouyea, communications director for the Saratoga Springs museum, said the institution had a solid security system in place at the time of the thefts.

“The smash-and-grab style of the robbery, however, narrowly beat the police response time,” he said.

A Fateful Traffic Stop

Even with the snow blanketing Route 307 outside Scranton early on March 4, 2019, the maroon Pontiac was swerving too much.

Two Pennsylvania State Police officers pulled the car over. Trotta, whose eyes were reddish pink and watery, was driving.

At the time, investigators in Pennsylvania had already found a DNA sample at a residential burglary that matched DNA samples taken from museum burglaries in New York and New Jersey that were in a national database. In 2015, for example, blood was left behind at a splintered glass window at the International Boxing Hall of Fame in Canastota, New York. And surveillance photos from some of the crime sites had recorded a particular vehicle: a maroon Pontiac sedan.

But until then, officers had struggled to find someone who matched the DNA.

At the police station where Trotta was arrested on charges of driving under the influence, officers gave him a cup of water to drink. They later retrieved the cup. Bingo. The DNA in his saliva was a match, according to court records.

Inside the car, police found bolt cutters, a sledgehammer, headlamps, ski masks, gloves and several phones.

Police at that point charged Trotta for burglarizing a home and an antiques exchange in Pennsylvania. Prosecutors also cut a deal with him: the promise of a more lenient sentence in exchange for information and cooperation. During interviews with law enforcement officials, Trotta detailed many of the museum thefts he had committed and identified several people as his accomplices.

And he agreed to wear a wire during numerous meetings with Dombek, where the two men chatted about past crimes, according to court records.

By May 2019, according to court papers, Dombek had grown suspicious that someone involved in one of the local residential burglaries, not Trotta, had been talking to police. He discussed his concerns with Trotta in wiretapped conversations, according to a search warrant affidavit for Dombek’s house, and mentioned the possibility of giving the accomplice cocaine laced with fentanyl or perhaps false hellebore, a toxic plant that had been growing in his backyard.

But the accomplice was not hurt and Dombek’s sister, Cindy Fiorani, said her brother would never do something like that.

“My brother would give you the shirt off his back, and wouldn’t even ask why,” she said. “Nick is a joker. He likes to kid around.”

In the summer of 2019, the crew planned a second heist at the horse-racing museum in Saratoga Springs, but the theft never happened, according to court papers. Dombek was arrested that August and charged for a Pennsylvania burglary and was later charged with witness intimidation.

It would be four years before investigators would bring federal charges in the larger museum-theft cases in an inquiry led by the FBI and the Pennsylvania State Police.

The U.S. attorney’s office for the Middle District of Pennsylvania declined to comment on the timeline of the investigation.

The four men now facing trial are accused of a range of offenses, including theft of major artwork, which carries a maximum penalty of 10 years. Trotta is one of the five people to have pleaded guilty in the case, but he and the others have yet to be sentenced. He was arrested on theft charges last week in connection with a report of items taken from a house in January, but the charges were withdrawn.

Authorities have not recovered the Warhol or some other stolen items that were not destroyed. Museum officials say they try to be optimistic that some will resurface.

“We’re always watching online auctions,” Terhune said about the Harness Racing Museum’s lost trophies.

Even those who have been told the heirlooms they cared about were probably melted down are not quite ready to move on.

“I think we all harbor some secret hope,” Lindsay Berra said, “that in like 20 years, somebody’s going to die, and their kids are going to go through their stuff, and they’ll find a couple of grandpa’s World Series rings.”

This article originally appeared in The New York Times.