WASHINGTON, DC.- When Walt Whitman published the first edition of Leaves of Grass (1855), it was a shocking departure from the current literary tradition. This first example of free verse was considered irreverent and dismissed by much of the literary establishment. However, astonishing as a new form may have been, Whitman’s inclusion of topics that described ordinary life was scandalous. For Whitman, writing poems was an expression of democracy, and including the everyday experience was a key element to this credo. His work, and the work of many poets who followed, developed a distinct American voice. Using portraiture, biography and verse, the Smithsonian’s National Portrait Gallery maps this language evolution in the exhibition “Poetic Likeness: Modern American Poets,” open Oct. 12 through April 28, 2013.

Following Whitman half a century later, Ezra Pound charged fellow poets to “make it new.” Over the course of the next century, these two poets and their fellow writers developed a new language for poetry. “Poetic Likeness,” considers biographies of poets whose work developed a unique American voice, departing from mid-19th century poetry, which was influenced by Europeans.

“‘Poetic Likeness’ features men and women from our rich collection who used verse to help us understand what it means to be an American,” said Wendy Wick Reaves, interim director of the National Portrait Gallery. “Together they tell a story about the development of an American voice.”

The shift in style and content paved the way for such poets as Robert Frost, Langston Hughes, E.E. Cummings, Allen Ginsberg, Marianne Moore, Sylvia Plath, Anne Sexton, Audre Lorde and William Carlos Williams to use new forms of verse to express this voice.

Some works included in “Poetic Likeness” are:

• Whitman by Samuel Hollyer and Thomas Eakins
• Pound photographed by Alvin Langdon Coburn and Richard Avedon
• Williams photographed by Man Ray
• Hart Crane photographed by Walker Evans
• Frost photographed by Clara Sipprell and Lotte Jacobi
• Hughes photographed by Edward Weston, Carl Van Vechten and Arnold Newman
• Moore painted by Marguerite Zorach and photographed by George Platt Lynes
• Marsden Hartley photographed by Paul Strand
• Edna St. Vincent Millay photographed by Berenice Abbott
• W.H. Auden photographed by Irving Penn
• Frank O’Hara painted by Alice Neel and drawn by Don Bachardy
• Elizabeth Bishop photographed by Rollie McKenna
• Ginsberg photographed by William S. Burroughs and in another photo by Newman
• Plath photographed by McKenna
• John Ashbery photographed by Peter Hujar
• Yusef Komunyakaa photographed by Juliet van Otteren

The exhibition curator is National Portrait Gallery historian David C. Ward.